Orthopedic Board Prep MCQs: Immunology, Infection & Post-Op Complications

Key Takeaway

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors on cells like macrophages, recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In orthopedic post-operative infections, TLRs quickly detect bacterial components, initiating an inflammatory response crucial for early defense against pathogens like Gram-positive cocci, as seen in surgical site infections.