Spine
DEFINITION Anterior thoracic approaches provide a means of decompression, stabilization, and fusion for a var…
ANATOMY Sreeharsha V. Nandyala Alejandro Marquez-Lara Junyoung Ahn Kern Singh Pedicle morphology is detailed …
BACKGROUND Management of intraoperative durotomies and the postoperative management of cerebrospinal fluid (C…
DEFINITION In recent years, the number of patients undergoing cervical spine surgery has risen dramatically. …
DEFINITION Lumbar disc degeneration is an age-related process heralded by a loss of disc height and gradual c…
DEFINITION Adult scoliosis is a coronal deformity of the spine, typically also involving axial and sagittal p…
sion is generally positioned about 1.5 to 2 cm from the midline. For bilateral decompression, the skin incisi…
h DEFINITION The use of autogenous bone graft is considered by most surgeons to be the gold standard for achi…
DEFINITION The precise definition of cervical kyphosis is not clearly described. Normal alignment from C2 to …
BACKGROUND Cervical spine fractures are seen in approximately 5% of trauma patients being evaluated at level …
DEFINITION Cervical spondylosis refers to degenerative conditions affecting the cervical spine, including dis…
DEFINITION The term occipitocervical and atlantoaxial instability encompasses a number of varied conditions t…
Scientific reviews prepared according to the latest international orthopedic protocols.
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