Orthopedics Hyperguide Review | Dr Hutaif General Ortho -...

Endothelin-1 likely plays a major role in blastic metastases in breast and prostate cancers. Endothelin-1 stimulates bone formation and the proliferation of osteoblasts.
The mechanism of bone formation is not nearly as well defined as bone destruction in metastatic bone disease. Correct Answe Endothelin-1

The markers of osteoclastic activity are:
Serum C -terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Urine type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides
Urine C -terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
The markers of osteoblastic activity are:
Serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase
Serum osteocalcin
Serum type 1 procollagen C -propeptide
Serum endothelin-1
C orrect Answer: Urine type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides

The markers of osteoclastic activity are:
Serum C -terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Urine type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides
Urine C -terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
The markers of osteoblastic activity are:
Serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase
Serum osteocalcin
Serum type 1 procollagen C -propeptide
Serum endothelin-1
C orrect Answer: Serum osteocalcin

The markers of osteoclastic activity are:
Serum C -terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
Serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase
Urine type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides
Urine C -terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen
The markers of osteoblastic activity are:
Serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase
Serum osteocalcin
Serum type 1 procollagen C -propeptide
Serum endothelin-1
C orrect Answer: Serum endothelin-1

This patient has multiple hereditary exostoses. Note the multiple sessile osteochondromas on the humerus and ulna. A
characteristic bowing deformity of the forearm and pseudo-Madelung deformity of the wrist are also present.
Multiple hereditary exostoses is autosomal dominant. The putative tumor suppressive gene mutation is EXT1, EXT2. The risk of low-grade chondrosarcoma occurring is approximately 10%.
In most patients, the forearm deformity does not cause a major problem and can be treated nonoperatively. Correct Answe Multiple hereditary exostoses

This patient has multiple hereditary exostoses. Note the multiple sessile osteochondromas on the humerus and ulna. A
characteristic bowing deformity of the forearm and pseudo-Madelung deformity of the wrist are also present.
Multiple hereditary exostoses is autosomal dominant. The putative tumor suppressive gene mutation is EXT1, EXT2. The risk of low-grade chondrosarcoma occurring is approximately 10%.
In most patients, the forearm deformity does not cause a major problem and can be treated nonoperatively. Correct Answe Autosomal dominant

This patient has multiple hereditary exostoses. Note the multiple sessile osteochondromas on the humerus and ulna. A
characteristic bowing deformity of the forearm and pseudo-Madelung deformity of the wrist are also present.
Multiple hereditary exostoses is autosomal dominant. The putative tumor suppressive gene mutation is EXT1, EXT2. The risk of low-grade chondrosarcoma occurring is approximately 10%.
In most patients, the forearm deformity does not cause a major problem and can be treated nonoperatively. Correct Answe EXT1

This patient has multiple hereditary exostoses. Note the multiple sessile osteochondromas on the humerus and ulna. A
characteristic bowing deformity of the forearm and pseudo-Madelung deformity of the wrist are also present.
Multiple hereditary exostoses is autosomal dominant. The putative tumor suppressive gene mutation is EXT1, EXT2. The risk of low-grade chondrosarcoma occurring is approximately 10%.
In most patients, the forearm deformity does not cause a major problem and can be treated nonoperatively. Correct Answe 5% to 10%

The review article by Kim and Hilibrand summarized the current indications for decompression and fusion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cervical spine disease.
The indications are:
A. Progressive neurologic deficit
1/. Myelopathy â wide-based spastic gait, clumsy hands, change in handwriting, difficulty with fine motor control
B. Severe neck pain with atlantoaxial subluxation, atlantoaxial impaction, or subaxial subluxation
C . Atlantoaxial subluxation with a posterior atlantodental interval of 5 mm above McGregorâs line E. Subaxial subluxation with a sagittal canal diameter 10 mm Recovery of at least one Ranawat grade
>14 mm C omplete recovery
C orrect Answer:

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