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Orthopedics Online MCQs
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Interactive MCQs
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Interactive MCQs
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Question 1
Regarding fluid balance, which of the following statements is true?
0.9% sodium chloride solution contains no free water and is thus restricted to the extracellular compartment
After intravenous administration of crystalloids, the distribution of these fluids throughout the body depends on its osmotic activity
In patients with pathological capillary leakage, the oncotic pressure becomes decreasingly important in determining fluid fluxes
The intracellular fluid volume is insensitive to changes in the sodium concentration of the extracellular fluid
The microvascular endothelium separating interstitial fluid from the intravascular compartment is freely permeable to water
Regarding fluid balance, which of the following statements is true?
0.9% sodium chloride solution contains no free water and is thus restricted to the extracellular compartment
After intravenous administration of crystalloids, the distribution of these fluids throughout the body depends on its osmotic activity
In patients with pathological capillary leakage, the oncotic pressure becomes decreasingly important in determining fluid fluxes
The intracellular fluid volume is insensitive to changes in the sodium concentration of the extracellular fluid
The microvascular endothelium separating interstitial fluid from the intravascular compartment is freely permeable to water
Question 2
Which of the following is true of Crush syndrome?
Is also referred to as traumatic squeeze
Sensory and motor function is preserved in the compressed limbs
Serum creatinine, potassium and phosphate are elevated
The serum calcium level is usually elevated
The urine is clear
Which of the following is true of Crush syndrome?
Is also referred to as traumatic squeeze
Sensory and motor function is preserved in the compressed limbs
Serum creatinine, potassium and phosphate are elevated
The serum calcium level is usually elevated
The urine is clear
Question 3
On an evening ward round you glance at the blood results of a patient from another team. The results show an increased prothrombin time (PT), an increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT), an increased thrombin time (TT) and a low platelet count. Which of the following is the most likely underlying explanation for this set of blood results?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Haemophilia
Heparin
Liver failure
Warfarin
On an evening ward round you glance at the blood results of a patient from another team. The results show an increased prothrombin time (PT), an increased activated partial thromboplastin time (APPT), an increased thrombin time (TT) and a low platelet count. Which of the following is the most likely underlying explanation for this set of blood results?
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
Haemophilia
Heparin
Liver failure
Warfarin
Question 4
An otherwise healthy 32-year-old man was the driver of a car involved in a high speed RTA three days ago. He has sustained a closed fracture of his femur which has been treated surgically with an intramedullary nail, as well as fractures of his right clavicle and left radius. He was managed according to ATLS protocol when he attended the emergency department. On examination he is acutely short of breath and has a temperature of 37.5°C. The patient seems confused when you speak to him, and as you examine him, you note petechial haemorrhages. What do you think is the most likely diagnosis?
Asthma attack
Chest infection
Fat embolism
Pulmonary embolism
Tension pneumothorax
An otherwise healthy 32-year-old man was the driver of a car involved in a high speed RTA three days ago. He has sustained a closed fracture of his femur which has been treated surgically with an intramedullary nail, as well as fractures of his right clavicle and left radius. He was managed according to ATLS protocol when he attended the emergency department. On examination he is acutely short of breath and has a temperature of 37.5°C. The patient seems confused when you speak to him, and as you examine him, you note petechial haemorrhages. What do you think is the most likely diagnosis?
Asthma attack
Chest infection
Fat embolism
Pulmonary embolism
Tension pneumothorax
Question 5
Which of the following does NOT reliably inactivate HIV?
Chlorhexidine
Glutaraldehyde
Hypochlorites
The autoclave
The hot-air oven
Which of the following does NOT reliably inactivate HIV?
Chlorhexidine
Glutaraldehyde
Hypochlorites
The autoclave
The hot-air oven
Question 6
What Vancouver classification describes a fracture around the stem resulting in a loose stem, but still good bone stock?
A
B1
B2
B3
C
What Vancouver classification describes a fracture around the stem resulting in a loose stem, but still good bone stock?
A
B1
B2
B3
C
Question 7
Which of the following factors increases the risk of recurrence of surgically treated Dupuytren's disease?
Family history
Late age of onset
Length of disease
Less than 2 rays
Unilateral
Which of the following factors increases the risk of recurrence of surgically treated Dupuytren's disease?
Family history
Late age of onset
Length of disease
Less than 2 rays
Unilateral
Question 8
An adult motorcyclist undergoes intramedullary nail stabilisation of a closed right tibial fracture. In recovery following the procedure he is noted to have a swollen calf. His heart rate is 110 bpm and blood pressure is 100/80 mmHg. In addition to clinical suspicion what measurement of intracompartmental pressure could help confirm the diagnosis of an acute compartment syndrome?
Compartment pressure of 15 mmHg
Compartment pressure of 25 mmHg
'Delta p' of 15 mmHg
'Delta p' of 25 mmHg
'Delta p' of 35 mmHg
An adult motorcyclist undergoes intramedullary nail stabilisation of a closed right tibial fracture. In recovery following the procedure he is noted to have a swollen calf. His heart rate is 110 bpm and blood pressure is 100/80 mmHg. In addition to clinical suspicion what measurement of intracompartmental pressure could help confirm the diagnosis of an acute compartment syndrome?
Compartment pressure of 15 mmHg
Compartment pressure of 25 mmHg
'Delta p' of 15 mmHg
'Delta p' of 25 mmHg
'Delta p' of 35 mmHg
Question 9
In acetabular fracture which one of the following is an indication for surgical intervention?
Displaced fracture with roof arcs > 45 degrees
Displacement of dome < 2 mm
Loose bodies in joint
No impaction
Posterior wall fracture < 40%
In acetabular fracture which one of the following is an indication for surgical intervention?
Displaced fracture with roof arcs > 45 degrees
Displacement of dome < 2 mm
Loose bodies in joint
No impaction
Posterior wall fracture < 40%
Question 10
With regard to diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome, which of the following best describe the listed tests?
Self-administered hand diagram - the most specific test for carpal tunnel syndrome
Semmes-Weinstein testing - correct
Innervation density test - a good measure for assessing functional nerve regeneration after nerve repair
Durkan's test - the most sensitive test to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome
Tinel's sign - the most specific test for carpal tunnel syndrome
With regard to diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome, which of the following best describe the listed tests?
Self-administered hand diagram - the most specific test for carpal tunnel syndrome
Semmes-Weinstein testing - correct
Innervation density test - a good measure for assessing functional nerve regeneration after nerve repair
Durkan's test - the most sensitive test to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome
Tinel's sign - the most specific test for carpal tunnel syndrome
Question 11
What structure is most likely to be injured with an acute ACL injury?
Lateral collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
Posterior cruciate ligament
What structure is most likely to be injured with an acute ACL injury?
Lateral collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
Posterior cruciate ligament
Question 12
What is the revision rate of unicondylar knee replacements as compared to total knee replacements (TKR)?
The same
X2
X3
X5
X10
What is the revision rate of unicondylar knee replacements as compared to total knee replacements (TKR)?
The same
X2
X3
X5
X10
Question 13
In the femoral triangle, which of the following is true of the femoral artery?
Crossed by the external pudendal vein
Lateral to the femoral nerve
Medial to the long saphenous vein
Posterior to the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Posterior to the femoral vein at the apex of the triangle
In the femoral triangle, which of the following is true of the femoral artery?
Crossed by the external pudendal vein
Lateral to the femoral nerve
Medial to the long saphenous vein
Posterior to the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve
Posterior to the femoral vein at the apex of the triangle
Question 14
What Waldenstrom's classification for radiographic staging of Perthes disease involves the radiodensity of the ossification returning to normal?
Fragmentation
Necrotic stage
Remodelling
Re-ossification
None of the above
What Waldenstrom's classification for radiographic staging of Perthes disease involves the radiodensity of the ossification returning to normal?
Fragmentation
Necrotic stage
Remodelling
Re-ossification
None of the above
Question 15
What material undergoes large amount of plastic deformation before failure?
Anisotropic
Brittle
Ductile
Isotropic
Viscoelastic
What material undergoes large amount of plastic deformation before failure?
Anisotropic
Brittle
Ductile
Isotropic
Viscoelastic
Question 16
Which of the following micro-organisms is the commonest cause of haematogenous osteomyelitis?
H. influenzae
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Which of the following micro-organisms is the commonest cause of haematogenous osteomyelitis?
H. influenzae
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Question 17
A 26-year-old man is assaulted, receiving direct blows to his head. He is brought to his local Emergency department where he is assessed by the emergency doctor.
On initial examination, he opens his eyes to speech, reaches up to his head as you put pressure on his supraorbital notch and answers questions with confused conversation.
What is his Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score?
9
10
11
12
13
A 26-year-old man is assaulted, receiving direct blows to his head. He is brought to his local Emergency department where he is assessed by the emergency doctor.
On initial examination, he opens his eyes to speech, reaches up to his head as you put pressure on his supraorbital notch and answers questions with confused conversation.
What is his Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score?
9
10
11
12
13
Question 18
In what situation would you increase poly size in a knee replacement?
Flexion and extension loose
Flexion and extension tight
Flexion loose, extension tight
Flexion tight, extension good
Flexion tight, extension loose
In what situation would you increase poly size in a knee replacement?
Flexion and extension loose
Flexion and extension tight
Flexion loose, extension tight
Flexion tight, extension good
Flexion tight, extension loose
Question 19
Which flexor tendon zone contains the Camper's chiasma?
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Which flexor tendon zone contains the Camper's chiasma?
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5
Question 20
What structure is most likely to be injured with an acute ACL injury?
Lateral collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
Posterior cruciate ligament
What structure is most likely to be injured with an acute ACL injury?
Lateral collateral ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial collateral ligament
Medial meniscus
Posterior cruciate ligament
Question 21
What is the most common cause of haematogenous osteomyelitis?
H. influenzae
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
What is the most common cause of haematogenous osteomyelitis?
H. influenzae
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus
Question 22
Which of the following injuries may have Horner's syndrome?
Postganglionic
Preganglionic
Total palsy
Erb's palsy
Klumpke palsy
Which of the following injuries may have Horner's syndrome?
Postganglionic
Preganglionic
Total palsy
Erb's palsy
Klumpke palsy
Question 23
Which of the following techniques would be an incomplete reshaping osteotomy following the contour of the acetabular roof inferomedially to the triradiate cartilage?
Salter
Triple
Pemberton
Dega
Chiari
Which of the following techniques would be an incomplete reshaping osteotomy following the contour of the acetabular roof inferomedially to the triradiate cartilage?
Salter
Triple
Pemberton
Dega
Chiari
Question 24
Which of the following vertebrae has the most prominent spinous process?
C7
T1
T2
T11
T12
Which of the following vertebrae has the most prominent spinous process?
C7
T1
T2
T11
T12
Question 25
Which of the following is true regarding cemented femoral stems with an oval cross section?
Allows more centralisation of the stem and a thicker cement mantle
Have a good fit within the medullary cavity and as a result leave less room for cement and cancellous bone
Limited in size by contact against the inner cortex of the oval cross-section of the medullary canal
Rigidly bound with the cement
Subsides, creating hoop stresses in the adjacent cement
Which of the following is true regarding cemented femoral stems with an oval cross section?
Allows more centralisation of the stem and a thicker cement mantle
Have a good fit within the medullary cavity and as a result leave less room for cement and cancellous bone
Limited in size by contact against the inner cortex of the oval cross-section of the medullary canal
Rigidly bound with the cement
Subsides, creating hoop stresses in the adjacent cement
Question 26
Which of the following joints is found in the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers?
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Fibrous
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Primary cartilaginous
Secondary cartilaginous
Syndesmosis
Which of the following joints is found in the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers?
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Fibrous
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Primary cartilaginous
Secondary cartilaginous
Syndesmosis
Question 27
Which of the following joints is found in the frontal coronal suture?
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Fibrous
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Primary cartilaginous
Secondary cartilaginous
Syndesmosis
Which of the following joints is found in the frontal coronal suture?
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Fibrous
Hinge
Pivot
Saddle
Primary cartilaginous
Secondary cartilaginous
Syndesmosis
Question 28
Which muscle lies deep to the median nerve when performing a palmar incision proximally for a medial nerve decompression?
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus
Which muscle lies deep to the median nerve when performing a palmar incision proximally for a medial nerve decompression?
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Palmaris longus
Question 29
Which type of allergy is delayed type hypersensitivity?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Type V
Which type of allergy is delayed type hypersensitivity?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Type V
Question 30
What type of genetic abnormality is expected in a patient with a trident hand?
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
COL2A1 gene
Fibroblast growth factor 3 receptor
Type IX collagen
Type X collagen
What type of genetic abnormality is expected in a patient with a trident hand?
Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein
COL2A1 gene
Fibroblast growth factor 3 receptor
Type IX collagen
Type X collagen
Question 31
What is the satisfaction rate for total knee replacement (TKR)?
50-59%
60-69%
70-79%
80-89%
90-99%
What is the satisfaction rate for total knee replacement (TKR)?
50-59%
60-69%
70-79%
80-89%
90-99%
Question 32
What grading of trigger finger is demonstrable catching with the ability to actively extend digit?
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3A
Grade 3B
Grade 4
What grading of trigger finger is demonstrable catching with the ability to actively extend digit?
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3A
Grade 3B
Grade 4
Question 33
On which layer of the foot would you find quadratus plantae?
Between first and second
First
Fourth
Second
Third
On which layer of the foot would you find quadratus plantae?
Between first and second
First
Fourth
Second
Third
Question 34
Which of the following is correct regarding erythropoietin?
Decreases red cell destruction
Decreases red cell production
Is produced by the kidneys
Is produced by the lungs
Is secreted in response to a high kidney tissue pCO2
Which of the following is correct regarding erythropoietin?
Decreases red cell destruction
Decreases red cell production
Is produced by the kidneys
Is produced by the lungs
Is secreted in response to a high kidney tissue pCO2
Question 35
Which structures are at risk with incorrect portal placement? Posterior portal too inferior
Axillary artery
Axillary nerve
Cephalic vein
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Rotator cuff
Suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Weber A
Weber B
Weber C
Which structures are at risk with incorrect portal placement? Posterior portal too inferior
Axillary artery
Axillary nerve
Cephalic vein
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Rotator cuff
Suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Weber A
Weber B
Weber C
Question 36
Which of the following spinal cord tracts transmit the sensations of pain, crude temperature, and light touch?
Corticospinal
Dorsal column
Reticulospinal
Spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic
Which of the following spinal cord tracts transmit the sensations of pain, crude temperature, and light touch?
Corticospinal
Dorsal column
Reticulospinal
Spinocerebellar
Spinothalamic
Question 37
What type of trial would seek patient views about benefits or changes resulting from treatments?
Diagnostic trials
Primary prevention trials
Quality of life trials
Secondary prevention trials
Screening trials
Treatment trials
What type of trial would seek patient views about benefits or changes resulting from treatments?
Diagnostic trials
Primary prevention trials
Quality of life trials
Secondary prevention trials
Screening trials
Treatment trials
Question 38
What is the most likely nerve to have been injured in a 68-year-old man who falls onto his outstretched hand and presents with pain in his upper arm and some sensory impairment on the dorsum of his hand and is unable to extend his wrist?
Axillary nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
What is the most likely nerve to have been injured in a 68-year-old man who falls onto his outstretched hand and presents with pain in his upper arm and some sensory impairment on the dorsum of his hand and is unable to extend his wrist?
Axillary nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Question 39
Which of the following is correct regarding screening trials?
Study the efficacy of treatments or interventions in preventing a complication or progression of disease in patients who already have a disease
Study the efficacy of treatments or interventions in preventing people without a disease from getting it
Study the efficacy and acceptability of new screening tests
Seek patient views about benefits or changes resulting from treatments
Study the effect of new treatments
Which of the following is correct regarding screening trials?
Study the efficacy of treatments or interventions in preventing a complication or progression of disease in patients who already have a disease
Study the efficacy of treatments or interventions in preventing people without a disease from getting it
Study the efficacy and acceptability of new screening tests
Seek patient views about benefits or changes resulting from treatments
Study the effect of new treatments
Question 40
Which nerve is at risk in anterior shoulder dislocation?
Axillary nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Which nerve is at risk in anterior shoulder dislocation?
Axillary nerve
Long thoracic nerve
Median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Suprascapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Question 41
What is the name for the closed osteocutaneous resection of the distal fibula and adjacent lateral malleolus, along with the overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue, as part of limb salvage surgery?
Syme amputation
Boyd amputation
Lisfranc amputation
Bucholz amputation
Limb sparing resection
What is the name for the closed osteocutaneous resection of the distal fibula and adjacent lateral malleolus, along with the overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue, as part of limb salvage surgery?
Syme amputation
Boyd amputation
Lisfranc amputation
Bucholz amputation
Limb sparing resection
Question 42
Damaged bone tissue can be removed without compromising structural integrity by what phenomenon?
Creep
Compressive strength
Fatigue strength
Piezoelectric effect
Crevice corrosion
Damaged bone tissue can be removed without compromising structural integrity by what phenomenon?
Creep
Compressive strength
Fatigue strength
Piezoelectric effect
Crevice corrosion
Question 43
Which ligamentous structure provides stability to the proximal radioulnar joint when the elbow is extended?
Annular ligament
Quadrate ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Brachioradialis tendon
Which ligamentous structure provides stability to the proximal radioulnar joint when the elbow is extended?
Annular ligament
Quadrate ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Radial collateral ligament
Brachioradialis tendon
Question 44
What nerve is most commonly injured with anterior shoulder dislocation?
Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
What nerve is most commonly injured with anterior shoulder dislocation?
Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Ulnar nerve
Median nerve
Radial nerve
Question 45
What structure is most commonly damaged in a lateral ankle sprain?
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Plantar fascia
What structure is most commonly damaged in a lateral ankle sprain?
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Anterior tibiofibular ligament
Deltoid ligament
Plantar fascia
Question 46
What test can be used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
Lachman test
Pivot shift test
Posterior drawer test
McMurray test
Trendelenburg test
What test can be used to assess the integrity of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)?
Lachman test
Pivot shift test
Posterior drawer test
McMurray test
Trendelenburg test
Question 47
What term describes the anatomical position in which the hand is twisted laterally (thumb pointing away from the body)?
Supination
Pronation
Abduction
Adduction
Flexion
What term describes the anatomical position in which the hand is twisted laterally (thumb pointing away from the body)?
Supination
Pronation
Abduction
Adduction
Flexion
Question 48
What is the common name for tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons?
De Quervain's tenosynovitis
Kienböck's disease
Dupuytren's contracture
Mallet finger
Boutonniere deformity
What is the common name for tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons?
De Quervain's tenosynovitis
Kienböck's disease
Dupuytren's contracture
Mallet finger
Boutonniere deformity
Question 49
What is the term for a fracture that occurs through a bone weakened by pre-existing disease?
Pathologic fracture
Stress fracture
Greenstick fracture
Avulsion fracture
Compression fracture
What is the term for a fracture that occurs through a bone weakened by pre-existing disease?
Pathologic fracture
Stress fracture
Greenstick fracture
Avulsion fracture
Compression fracture
Question 50
What type of bone healing occurs with rigid fixation in the absence of tissue interposition?
Primary bone healing
Secondary bone healing
Tertiary bone healing
Intramembranous bone healing
Endochondral bone healing
What type of bone healing occurs with rigid fixation in the absence of tissue interposition?
Primary bone healing
Secondary bone healing
Tertiary bone healing
Intramembranous bone healing
Endochondral bone healing
Question 51
A toddler of 3 years presents to the Emergency Department with swelling of his leg and is found to have a spiral fracture of the tibia. What is the most likely cause of the injury?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Accidental fracture
A toddler of 3 years presents to the Emergency Department with swelling of his leg and is found to have a spiral fracture of the tibia. What is the most likely cause of the injury?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Accidental fracture
Question 52
An infant is admitted with respiratory infection symptoms and is found to have several posterior rib fractures on chest radiograph. What is the most likely cause of the fractures?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Child physical abuse
An infant is admitted with respiratory infection symptoms and is found to have several posterior rib fractures on chest radiograph. What is the most likely cause of the fractures?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Child physical abuse
Question 53
A 4-month-old girl presents with swelling of her right arm and is found to have a spiral fracture of the humerus. What is the best diagnosis?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Accidental injury
A 4-month-old girl presents with swelling of her right arm and is found to have a spiral fracture of the humerus. What is the best diagnosis?
Hypoparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemic rickets
Metabolic bone disease of prematurity
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Accidental injury
Question 54
What is the most likely cause of hypovolemic shock?
Exhaust suits
Anuria
Haematocrit and haemoglobin
Tachycardia and lowered blood pressure
Excessive vasodilatation
What is the most likely cause of hypovolemic shock?
Exhaust suits
Anuria
Haematocrit and haemoglobin
Tachycardia and lowered blood pressure
Excessive vasodilatation
Question 55
What is the appropriate management for a patient with de Quervain's tenosynovitis?
IV antibiotics alone
Needle aspiration of the flexor tendon sheath
Outpatient management with oral antibiotics
Surgical drainage over the entire length of the finger
Surgical drainage via small incisions
What is the appropriate management for a patient with de Quervain's tenosynovitis?
IV antibiotics alone
Needle aspiration of the flexor tendon sheath
Outpatient management with oral antibiotics
Surgical drainage over the entire length of the finger
Surgical drainage via small incisions
Question 56
What intervention has had the greatest impact on infection rates in total knee replacement?
Antibiotic loaded cement
Double gloving
Exhaust suits
Laminar flow theatre
Perioperative antibiotics
What intervention has had the greatest impact on infection rates in total knee replacement?
Antibiotic loaded cement
Double gloving
Exhaust suits
Laminar flow theatre
Perioperative antibiotics
Question 57
What test is used to specifically look at IT band inflammation?
Apley's compression test
Apley's distraction test
Lachman's test
Noble compression test
Wilson sign test
What test is used to specifically look at IT band inflammation?
Apley's compression test
Apley's distraction test
Lachman's test
Noble compression test
Wilson sign test
Question 58
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with dorsoradial wrist pain, tenderness, and crepitus upon passive motion of the thumb?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
De Quervain's tenosynovitis
Golfer's elbow
Radial nerve entrapment
Tennis elbow
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient with dorsoradial wrist pain, tenderness, and crepitus upon passive motion of the thumb?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
De Quervain's tenosynovitis
Golfer's elbow
Radial nerve entrapment
Tennis elbow
Question 59
Which muscle lies behind the first part of the axillary nerve?
Long head of biceps
Long head of triceps
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Which muscle lies behind the first part of the axillary nerve?
Long head of biceps
Long head of triceps
Pectoralis major
Subscapularis
Teres minor
Question 60
Which layer of the epidermis determines the primary mechanical properties of skin?
Dermis
Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Subcutaneous tissue
Which layer of the epidermis determines the primary mechanical properties of skin?
Dermis
Stratum basale
Stratum corneum
Stratum granulosum
Subcutaneous tissue
Question 61
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is an anaphylactic reaction?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Type V
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is an anaphylactic reaction?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
Type V
Question 62
What structure is most likely the origin of a dorsal wrist ganglion?
Radiocarpal joint
Radiolunotriquetral ligament
Scapholunate ligament
Scaphoradial ligament
Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint
What structure is most likely the origin of a dorsal wrist ganglion?
Radiocarpal joint
Radiolunotriquetral ligament
Scapholunate ligament
Scaphoradial ligament
Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid joint
Question 63
Which of the following is true of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?
Exerts its effects via cell surface receptors
Increases in renal failure
Increases PTH release by direct effects on the parathyroid glands
Is produced in the distal tubule of the nephron
Production increases when serum phosphate levels fall
Which of the following is true of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol?
Exerts its effects via cell surface receptors
Increases in renal failure
Increases PTH release by direct effects on the parathyroid glands
Is produced in the distal tubule of the nephron
Production increases when serum phosphate levels fall
Question 64
What stage of Lichtman's radiographic classification of Kienbock's disease is characterized by collapse of the entire lunate without fixed scaphoid rotation?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3a
Stage 3b
Stage 4
What stage of Lichtman's radiographic classification of Kienbock's disease is characterized by collapse of the entire lunate without fixed scaphoid rotation?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3a
Stage 3b
Stage 4
Question 65
Which ligament is most frequently injured in an inversion injury of the ankle?
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deep deltoid ligament
Interosseous ligament
Which ligament is most frequently injured in an inversion injury of the ankle?
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
Deep deltoid ligament
Interosseous ligament
Question 66
Which reflex is most likely to be affected in a C7-T1 disc herniation?
Biceps reflex
Brachioradialis reflex
Moro reflex
Triceps reflex
None of the above
Which reflex is most likely to be affected in a C7-T1 disc herniation?
Biceps reflex
Brachioradialis reflex
Moro reflex
Triceps reflex
None of the above
Question 67
What collagen type is both mesenchymal and chondroid in the biochemical steps of healing?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type V
Type IX
What collagen type is both mesenchymal and chondroid in the biochemical steps of healing?
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type V
Type IX
Question 68
Which one of the following is an example of a DNA virus?
Cystovirus
Enterovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Influenza virus
Rotavirus
Which one of the following is an example of a DNA virus?
Cystovirus
Enterovirus
Herpes simplex virus
Influenza virus
Rotavirus
Question 69
Which of the following statements is true regarding platelets?
Are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes
Have a lifespan in the circulation of about 30 days
Are predominately found in the spleen (more than 60%)
Produce prostacyclin
Contain adenosine triphosphate and serotonin
Which of the following statements is true regarding platelets?
Are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes
Have a lifespan in the circulation of about 30 days
Are predominately found in the spleen (more than 60%)
Produce prostacyclin
Contain adenosine triphosphate and serotonin
Question 70
In children with abdominal injury, which of the following is correct?
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is usually performed
Major intra-abdominal injury is excluded if there are no external signs
Nasogastric tube insertion may aid abdominal compression
Rectal examination is rarely performed
Urethral catheterisation is necessary
In children with abdominal injury, which of the following is correct?
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is usually performed
Major intra-abdominal injury is excluded if there are no external signs
Nasogastric tube insertion may aid abdominal compression
Rectal examination is rarely performed
Urethral catheterisation is necessary
Question 71
What spinal cord syndrome is characterized by a greater loss of power in the upper limbs (rather than the lower), with varying degrees of sensory loss?
Anterior cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Posterior cord syndrome
Spinothalamic cord syndrome
What spinal cord syndrome is characterized by a greater loss of power in the upper limbs (rather than the lower), with varying degrees of sensory loss?
Anterior cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Posterior cord syndrome
Spinothalamic cord syndrome
Question 72
Which antibiotic is associated with an allergic 'red man syndrome' characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and vasculitis?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Which antibiotic is associated with an allergic 'red man syndrome' characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and vasculitis?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Question 73
Which antibiotic is associated with experimental arthropathy in growing animals and therefore contraindicated in patients under 16 years?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Tetracycline
Which antibiotic is associated with experimental arthropathy in growing animals and therefore contraindicated in patients under 16 years?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Tetracycline
Question 74
Which antibiotic has a very narrow therapeutic index, and is associated with the development of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, but is excellent against gram-negative infections?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Imipenem
Which antibiotic has a very narrow therapeutic index, and is associated with the development of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, but is excellent against gram-negative infections?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Imipenem
Question 75
Which antibiotic causes brown discoloration of growing teeth and thus should not be given to children or pregnant women?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotic causes brown discoloration of growing teeth and thus should not be given to children or pregnant women?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Tetracycline
Trimethoprim
Question 76
Which antibiotic is associated with a metallic taste and can rarely cause a peripheral neuropathy?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Which antibiotic is associated with a metallic taste and can rarely cause a peripheral neuropathy?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Metronidazole
Trimethoprim
Question 77
Which of the following antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Metronidazole
Penicillin
Trimethoprim
Which of the following antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Metronidazole
Penicillin
Trimethoprim
Question 78
What factor increases bone resorption?
MP 3
Fibroblast growth factor 1
Insulin-like growth factor
Interleukin-1
Transforming growth factor
What factor increases bone resorption?
MP 3
Fibroblast growth factor 1
Insulin-like growth factor
Interleukin-1
Transforming growth factor
Question 79
What is the recommended target depth for pedicle screw insertion in the lumbar spine?
25% through the vertebral body
40% through the vertebral body
80% through the vertebral body
Slight penetration of the anterior cortex
To the anterior cortex of vertebrae
What is the recommended target depth for pedicle screw insertion in the lumbar spine?
25% through the vertebral body
40% through the vertebral body
80% through the vertebral body
Slight penetration of the anterior cortex
To the anterior cortex of vertebrae
Question 80
In the axilla, which of the following is correct?
If the thoracodorsal nerve is divided in an axillary dissection the patient will have winging of the scapula
Level 3 lymph nodes are lateral to the pectoralis minor
The cords of the brachial plexus surround the first part of the axillary artery
The intercostobrachial nerve is commonly divided in axillary dissection
The subscapular artery is a branch of the third part of axillary artery
In the axilla, which of the following is correct?
If the thoracodorsal nerve is divided in an axillary dissection the patient will have winging of the scapula
Level 3 lymph nodes are lateral to the pectoralis minor
The cords of the brachial plexus surround the first part of the axillary artery
The intercostobrachial nerve is commonly divided in axillary dissection
The subscapular artery is a branch of the third part of axillary artery
Question 81
Which of the following is true regarding platelets?
Are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes
Have a lifespan in the circulation of about 30 days
Are predominately found in the spleen (more than 60%)
Produce prostacyclin
Contain adenosine triphosphate and serotonin
Which of the following is true regarding platelets?
Are formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes
Have a lifespan in the circulation of about 30 days
Are predominately found in the spleen (more than 60%)
Produce prostacyclin
Contain adenosine triphosphate and serotonin
Question 82
In children with abdominal injury, which of the following is correct?
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is usually performed
Major intra-abdominal injury is excluded if there are no external signs
Nasogastric tube insertion may aid abdominal compression
Rectal examination is rarely performed
Urethral catheterisation is necessary
In children with abdominal injury, which of the following is correct?
Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) is usually performed
Major intra-abdominal injury is excluded if there are no external signs
Nasogastric tube insertion may aid abdominal compression
Rectal examination is rarely performed
Urethral catheterisation is necessary
Question 83
What spinal cord syndrome is characterized by a greater loss of power in the upper limbs (rather than the lower), with varying degrees of sensory loss?
Anterior cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Posterior cord syndrome
Spinothalamic cord syndrome
What spinal cord syndrome is characterized by a greater loss of power in the upper limbs (rather than the lower), with varying degrees of sensory loss?
Anterior cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Central cord syndrome
Posterior cord syndrome
Spinothalamic cord syndrome
Question 84
Which antibiotic is associated with an allergic 'red man syndrome' characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and vasculitis?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Which antibiotic is associated with an allergic 'red man syndrome' characterized by exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and vasculitis?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Question 85
Which antibiotic is associated with experimental arthropathy in growing animals and therefore contraindicated in patients under 16 years?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Tetracycline
Which antibiotic is associated with experimental arthropathy in growing animals and therefore contraindicated in patients under 16 years?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Tetracycline
Question 86
Which antibiotic has a very narrow therapeutic index, and is associated with the development of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, but is excellent against gram-negative infections?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Imipenem
Which antibiotic has a very narrow therapeutic index, and is associated with the development of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, but is excellent against gram-negative infections?
Aztreonam
Chloramphenicol
Ciprofloxacin
Gentamicin
Imipenem
Question 87
What is the most likely cause of sudden inability to extend the thumb in a patient who was conservatively treated for a nondisplaced distal radius fracture?
C7 disk herniation
Entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Entrapment of the flexor pollicis longus tendon
Posterior interosseous nerve palsy
Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
What is the most likely cause of sudden inability to extend the thumb in a patient who was conservatively treated for a nondisplaced distal radius fracture?
C7 disk herniation
Entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Entrapment of the flexor pollicis longus tendon
Posterior interosseous nerve palsy
Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Question 88
Which organism is most likely to cause a small, erythematous, pus-covered ulceration on the outer aspect of the big toe in a patient with a 20-year history of type 1 diabetes?
Escherichia coli
MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which organism is most likely to cause a small, erythematous, pus-covered ulceration on the outer aspect of the big toe in a patient with a 20-year history of type 1 diabetes?
Escherichia coli
MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pyogenes
Question 89
Which radiographic sign is not seen in acute slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
Klein's line
Capener's sign
Increase in epiphyseal height
Physeal widening
Steel-Blanch sign
Which radiographic sign is not seen in acute slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
Klein's line
Capener's sign
Increase in epiphyseal height
Physeal widening
Steel-Blanch sign
Question 90
Which of the following is correct regarding postoperative complications?
Sore throat following major surgery is normally due to gastrointestinal reflux
Atelectasis is unusual in the post-operative period
Oxygen therapy should be limited due to the risk of free radical damage
Respiratory depression post-operatively may be due to intraoperative opioids
Swinging pyrexia and bradycardia should alert the possibility of pulmonary embolus (PE)
Which of the following is correct regarding postoperative complications?
Sore throat following major surgery is normally due to gastrointestinal reflux
Atelectasis is unusual in the post-operative period
Oxygen therapy should be limited due to the risk of free radical damage
Respiratory depression post-operatively may be due to intraoperative opioids
Swinging pyrexia and bradycardia should alert the possibility of pulmonary embolus (PE)
Question 91
What is the percentage decrease in tibiotalar contact area caused by a 1 mm displacement of the talus?
12%
22%
32%
42%
52%
What is the percentage decrease in tibiotalar contact area caused by a 1 mm displacement of the talus?
12%
22%
32%
42%
52%
Question 92
Which of the following is true regarding the median nerve?
Can be used to reinnervate the biceps in the Oberlin procedure
Has an anterior interosseous branch that innervates flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and the radial half of flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervates the superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
Lies on the deep surface of flexor digitorum profundus in the distal forearm
Lies radial to flexor pollicis longus in the carpal tunnel
Which of the following is true regarding the median nerve?
Can be used to reinnervate the biceps in the Oberlin procedure
Has an anterior interosseous branch that innervates flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, and the radial half of flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervates the superficial head of flexor pollicis brevis
Lies on the deep surface of flexor digitorum profundus in the distal forearm
Lies radial to flexor pollicis longus in the carpal tunnel
Question 93
Which vertebral level corresponds with the aortic opening in the diaphragm?
4 and bifurcation of the carotid artery
T2 and manubriosternal joint
T8 and aortic opening in the diaphragm
T10 and opening for vena cava in diaphragm
T12 and oesophageal opening in the diaphragm
Which vertebral level corresponds with the aortic opening in the diaphragm?
4 and bifurcation of the carotid artery
T2 and manubriosternal joint
T8 and aortic opening in the diaphragm
T10 and opening for vena cava in diaphragm
T12 and oesophageal opening in the diaphragm
Question 94
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient who presents with a painful swelling at the base of their left big toe that is worse with new shoes and at the close of work?
Bunion
Bursitis
Capsulitis
Fibroma
Morton's neuroma
What is the most likely diagnosis for a patient who presents with a painful swelling at the base of their left big toe that is worse with new shoes and at the close of work?
Bunion
Bursitis
Capsulitis
Fibroma
Morton's neuroma
Question 95
Which vertebral level corresponds with the caval opening in the diaphragm?
4 and bifurcation of the carotid artery
T2 and manubriosternal joint
T8 and aortic opening in the diaphragm
T10 and opening for vena cava in diaphragm
T12 and oesophageal opening in the diaphragm
Which vertebral level corresponds with the caval opening in the diaphragm?
4 and bifurcation of the carotid artery
T2 and manubriosternal joint
T8 and aortic opening in the diaphragm
T10 and opening for vena cava in diaphragm
T12 and oesophageal opening in the diaphragm
Question 96
What is the most likely cause of sudden inability to extend the thumb in a patient who was conservatively treated for a nondisplaced distal radius fracture?
C7 disk herniation
Entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Entrapment of the flexor pollicis longus tendon
Posterior interosseous nerve palsy
Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
What is the most likely cause of sudden inability to extend the thumb in a patient who was conservatively treated for a nondisplaced distal radius fracture?
C7 disk herniation
Entrapment of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Entrapment of the flexor pollicis longus tendon
Posterior interosseous nerve palsy
Rupture of the extensor pollicis longus tendon
Question 97
Which of the following is the most likely infective organism for a small, erythematous, pus-covered ulceration on the outer aspect of the big toe in a patient with a 20-year history of type 1 diabetes?
Escherichia coli
MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus Copy Delete continue Delete
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which of the following is the most likely infective organism for a small, erythematous, pus-covered ulceration on the outer aspect of the big toe in a patient with a 20-year history of type 1 diabetes?
Escherichia coli
MRSA
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus Copy Delete continue Delete
Streptococcus pyogenes
Question 98
Which radiographic sign is not seen in acute slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
Klein's line
Capener's sign
Increase in epiphyseal height
Physeal widening
Steel-Blanch sign
Which radiographic sign is not seen in acute slipped upper femoral epiphysis?
Klein's line
Capener's sign
Increase in epiphyseal height
Physeal widening
Steel-Blanch sign
Question 99
Which of the following is the correct diagnosis for a patient with a red, painful swelling at the edge of their nail on the side of their right big toe that is ingrowing?
Bunion
Bursitis
Capsulitis
Fibroma
Paronychia
Which of the following is the correct diagnosis for a patient with a red, painful swelling at the edge of their nail on the side of their right big toe that is ingrowing?
Bunion
Bursitis
Capsulitis
Fibroma
Paronychia
Question 100
Which of the following is a side effect of glucocorticoid therapy?
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperkalaemia
Menorrhagia
Reduced growth in children
Thrombocytopenia
Which of the following is a side effect of glucocorticoid therapy?
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperkalaemia
Menorrhagia
Reduced growth in children
Thrombocytopenia
Question 101
Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of foot pain?
60-year-old patient suffering with arthritis with painful swelling at the base of the left big toe is most likely to have synovial sarcoma
24-year-old swimmer with a painful red swelling at the side of his right big toe toenail is most likely to have Morton's neuroma
A patient with a foreign body reaction is most likely to have a granuloma that can form a painful mass and in the foot, foreign bodies often enter through a puncture wound
A patient with tarsal tunnel syndrome will present with sensory and motor changes on the plantar aspect of the foot and toes that are often relieved by rest and aggravated by activity
A patient with fibroma will present with a benign tumour composed of fibrous or connective tissue elements on the bottom of the foot that is generally painless
Which of the following is true regarding the diagnosis of foot pain?
60-year-old patient suffering with arthritis with painful swelling at the base of the left big toe is most likely to have synovial sarcoma
24-year-old swimmer with a painful red swelling at the side of his right big toe toenail is most likely to have Morton's neuroma
A patient with a foreign body reaction is most likely to have a granuloma that can form a painful mass and in the foot, foreign bodies often enter through a puncture wound
A patient with tarsal tunnel syndrome will present with sensory and motor changes on the plantar aspect of the foot and toes that are often relieved by rest and aggravated by activity
A patient with fibroma will present with a benign tumour composed of fibrous or connective tissue elements on the bottom of the foot that is generally painless
Question 102
Which vertebral level corresponds to the radial two lumbricals?
4 and bifurcation of the carotid artery
T2 and manubriosternal joint
T8 and aortic opening in the diaphragm
T10 and opening for vena cava in diaphragm
T12 and oesophageal opening in the diaphragm
Which vertebral level corresponds to the radial two lumbricals?
4 and bifurcation of the carotid artery
T2 and manubriosternal joint
T8 and aortic opening in the diaphragm
T10 and opening for vena cava in diaphragm
T12 and oesophageal opening in the diaphragm
Question 103
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 60-year-old patient suffering with arthritis who presents with a painful swelling at the base of the left big toe?
Bunion
Bursitis
Capsulitis
Fibroma
Synovial sarcoma
What is the most likely diagnosis for a 60-year-old patient suffering with arthritis who presents with a painful swelling at the base of the left big toe?
Bunion
Bursitis
Capsulitis
Fibroma
Synovial sarcoma
